News and Developments 2009: Arbitrariness

Ongoing Investigation of Texas Execution Throws New Doubt on Defendant's Guilt

According to the Chicago Tribune, the Texas Forensic Science Commission has received a report from a nationally known fire scientist that casts doubt on the guilt of Cameron Todd Willingham (pictured) who was executed in Texas in February 2004.  Craig Beyler of Hughes Associates conducted a review for the Commission of the evidence used to convict Willingham of murder by arson, which led to his death sentence.  Beyler concluded the Texas fire investigators had no basis to rule that a deadly house fire that killed Willingham's children was an arson.  His report mirrors what other renowned experts have found over the past several years and is one step in a more thorough review being conducted by the Science Commission. Experts for the Chicago Tribune and the Innocence Project in New York have similarly concluded that the original investigators relied on outdated theories in calling the fire an arson.

Trial Ends for Chief Judge in Texas Who Closed Court at 5 PM on Day of Execution

A state ethics tribunal examining the conduct of the presiding judge of the Texas Court of Criminal Appeals in a death penalty case concluded its proceedings on August 20.  Judge Sharon Keller is facing a reprimand or removal from the bench for her conduct on the day Michael Richard was executed in Texas on September 25, 2007.  She had left the court early that day and was at home when she received a call from an assistant at the court saying that the attorneys for Richard were requesting more time to file an appeal based on a U.S. Supreme Court order earlier that day.  Despite the fact that the attorneys had indicated they were having computer problems and needed more time to complete the appeal, Judge Keller reiterated that the court closed at 5 pm.  As a result, the appeal was not ruled on by the Texas Court of Criminal Appeals and Richard was executed a few hours later.  If the court had considered and even denied the appeal, it is almost certain that the U.S. Supreme Court would have granted a stay of execution, as happened in all other cases scheduled for execution from that day until April 2008 when the Court handed down its decision regarding the constitutionality of lethal injection in Baze v. Rees.  Judge Keller insisted that she was doing her duty when she stated that the clerk's office closes at 5.  The presiding judge at the tribunal will now submit a report to the state Commision on Judicial Conduct, which will decide whether sanctions should be imposed on Judge Keller.

Restrictions on Death Penalty Appeals Raising Judges' Concerns

A number of federal judges have recently written strong dissents in capital cases because they were concerned that restrictions on appeals could lead to tragic mistakes.  Judge William Fletcher of the U.S. Court of Appeals for the Ninth Circuit, for example, began his dissent in the case of Kevin Cooper with the words, "The State of California may be about to execute an innocent man."  According to a study by the New York Times, such concerns have risen recently.  "In dozens of capital cases in recent years, appeals court judges, some of whom have ruled in favor of the death penalty many times, have complained that Congress and the Supreme Court have raised daunting barriers for death row prisoners to appeal their convictions, and in many cases the judges have taken on their colleagues," John Schwartz wrote in the August 14 edition of the paper.  One of the key impediments to reaching the merits of many claims is the Anti-Terrorism and Effective Death Penalty Act of 1996.

Ohio Parole Board Recommends Clemency for Death Row Inmate

The Ohio Parole Board made a rare recommendation of clemency on July 17, voting 5-2 that Jason Getsy's death sentence should be reduced to life without parole.  Getsy is scheduled to be executed on August 18 for the murder of Ann Serafino in 1995.  A co-defendant who initiated and organized the crime received a lesser sentence of 35 years to life.   "In imposing a death sentence, it is imperative that we have consistency and similar penalties imposed upon similarly situated co-defendants," the Parole Board said.  Since Ohio resumed executions in 1999, the Parole Board has only recommended clemency two other times, and in both cases the governor followed the recommendations.

NEW RESOURCES: DPIC Offers Podcasts on Costs, Clemency, and Arbitrariness

If you would like to listen to a brief but informative discussion of key death penalty issues, try DPIC’s newest resource--Podcasts.  The most recent episode of this educational series explores the issue of the Costs of the death penalty.  You can also choose to listen to previous episodes to learn more about the issues of Arbitrariness and Clemency.  Podcasts may be downloaded for listening later on a digital music player.  More issues will be covered in the near future.  To subscribe to the Podcast through iTunes and automatically receive future episodes, click here.  To see other multimedia resources from DPIC, go to our Multimedia page. See also DPIC's pages on Arbritrariness, Clemency, and Costs.

ARBITRARINESS: A Death Penalty Prosecution Instead Settles with a Short Sentence After Misconduct is Revealed

A prosecutor’s misconduct related to a Kentucky capital murder case led the state to accept a plea bargain with the defendant in which he now faces a sentence of 10 years with the possibility of immediate parole.  Officials say Assistant Commonweath Attorney Ruth Lerner compromised the death penalty prosecution against Cory Gibson by cutting a deal with a witness against Gibson.  Lerner had not disclosed a deal made with the witness in a separate robbery case in exchange for his testimony against Gibson.  Lerner’s boss, David Stengel, announced Lerner’s resignation, adding she would have been fired if she had not resigned. "This was a capital murder case," Stengel said at a press conference. "We just can't do this kind of work in a capital murder case."  Before the capital trial, prosecutors were instructed not to make any deals with the witnesses in Gibson's case.  Lerner had insisted no deal was made until a video surfaced showing her informing a judge of the deal reached in the witness’ case.  Stengel apologized to the family of the victim for the resulting 10-year sentence, saying “I’m sorry.”

Florida's Execution Selection Process Appears Secretive and Arbitrary

Florida Governor Charlie Crist recently chose two death row inmates for execution from among many eligible prisoners on the state’s death row, but no reasons were given for his choice. He joins a long line of Florida governors who made the decision of who lives and who dies without explanation of their selection method.  "I don't know how they decide," said John Marek's lawyer, Marty McClain, a veteran death-row attorney who has defended hundreds of inmates. (Marek was one of those given an execution date, but the date was stayed by the courts.)   "Over the years I have wanted to know the answer to that question." Florida determines the order of execution by the Governor’s discretion, whereas other states, such as Texas, Georgia, Mississippi, and California, place the responsibility with the court system. Defense attorneys have little grounds to challenge this unregulated and secretive process.  "It's the epitome of how arbitrary it is," said Elisabeth Semel, director of the Death Penalty Clinic at the University of California- Berkeley. 

EXONERATIONS: Jury Acquits Former Death Row Inmate of All Charges

Daniel Wade Moore was acquitted of all charges by a jury in Alabama on May 14.  Moore was originally found guilty of the murder and sexual assault of Karen Tipton in 2002.  The judge overruled the jury’s recommendation of a life sentence and instead sentenced him to death in January 2003, calling the murder one of the worst ever in the county.  A new trial was ordered in 2003 because of evidence withheld by the prosecution.  A second trial in 2008 ended in a mistrial with the jury deadlocked at 8-4 for acquittal.  (Moore is the 133rd person to be exonerated and freed from death row since 1973, according to DPIC's record of exonerations.)