On November 23, the Florida Supreme Court overturned the death sentence imposed by a judge on Richard Franklin after his jury split 9-3 in recommending he receive the death penalty for a 2012 murder. “In light of the non-unanimous jury recommendation to impose a death sentence,” the court found that the death sentence violated Franklin’s right to have a unanimous jury determination of all facts necessary to impose a death penalty and that the violation could not be excused as harmless. The court ordered that Franklin be given a new sentencing hearing. Although the court did not rule on any case other than Franklin’s, the decision suggests that the court will order new sentencing hearings in at least several dozen cases involving prisoners whose non-unanimous death sentence were still pending on direct appeal at the time of the U.S. Supreme Court’s ruling in Hurst v. Florida in January 2016. In Hurst, the U.S. Supreme Court struck down Florida’s death sentencing scheme because key sentencing facts were determined by a judge, rather than a jury. In October, the Florida Supreme Court interpreted that decision as requiring that the jury unanimously recommend the death penalty before the trial judge could impose capital punishment. The Florida Supreme Court’s description of Franklin’s claim as a “Ring-Hurst claim” further suggests that the court may order new sentencing hearings for approximately 170 death row prisoners whose sentences became final since Ring v. Arizona, a 2002 U.S. Supreme Court decision requiring that a jury, rather than a judge, determine the existence of aggravating facts making a defendant eligible for the death penalty. The court has yet to rule on whether it will apply the constitutional protections recognized in Hurst to all death row prisoners, irrespective of their sentencing date, which could require resentencing of up to 290 people. Earlier, the court upheld judge-imposed death sentences when the defendant waived his right to a jury or the sentence followed a unanimous jury recommendation for death. According to retired Florida Supreme Court Chief Justice Harry Lee Anstead, “Tragically, in the 13 years since Ring, some 47 persons have been executed in Florida under an unconstitutional statute. Had the U.S. Supreme Court accepted review of a Florida case soon after Ring, those executions may arguably not have occurred – at least not until further review for harmless error, waiver or some other possible argument by the state was first evaluated.”

(C. Geidner, “Florida Supreme Court Signals Possible Upheaval For State’s Death Row,” BuzzFeed News, November 23, 2016; M. Payne, “Court ruling could get Lords of Chaos leader off death row,” News-Press, November 28, 2016; L. Morel, “Florida Supreme Court upholds death row inmate’s sentences in 2007 Polk County murders,” Tampa Bay Times, November 10, 2016; H. Anstead, “47 people executed under flawed Florida statute,” Tallahassee Democrat, November 22, 2016.) Read the Florida Supreme Court’s decision in Franklin v. Florida. See Sentencing and Arbitrariness.

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